SUBJECT LEARNING OUTCOME CONTENT
After completing the course and confirming achievement of the intended learning outcomes, the student will:
- locate individual areas of the human body and the organs within them and determine the relative position of organs;
- demonstrate differences in the structure of the human body and the functions of organs in adults and children;
- anatomical nomenclature;
- the structure of the human body from a topographic and functional perspective;
- anatomical foundations of physical examination;
- recognize and recognize one's own limitations in knowledge, skills, and social competences, and self-assess deficits and needs;
Lecture
1 Basic anatomical concepts. Axes and planes of the body. General body structure. Organs and systems. General structure and types of bones. Division of the skeleton.
2 Topographic anatomy, physical examination of the patient.
3 Arthrology and syndesmology. Mechanics of the skeletal system. Bone connections and the muscular system: general information about bone connections. Types of connections. Tight connections and joints. Shoulder joint. Elbow joint. Hip joint. Knee joint.
4 Muscles acting on joints. Structure and principles of muscle function. Film showing the dissection of joint structures, ligaments, and muscles acting on joints on a cadaver.
5 Cardiovascular System. Arterial and Venous Systems: Components of the Cardiovascular System and Their Functions. Large and Small Circulation. Major Arterial and Venous Vessels. Film Projection Illustrating the Dissection of the Heart Structures, Major Arterial and Venous Vessels on a Cadaver.
6 Lymphatic System: Divisions of the Lymphatic System. Organs of the Lymphatic System. Anatomical Basis of Physical Examination.
7 The Nervous System: General Information about the Nervous System. Division of the Nervous System. Neuron Structure. Receptors and Effectors. Glia. Synapses. Film Presentation illustrating the Dissection of the Brain and Spinal Cord Structures.
8 The Central Nervous System: General Structure of the Spinal Cord. Topographic and Clinical Division of the Brain. General Structure of the Brain and Spinal Cord. Role of Individual Parts and Symptoms of Their Damage. Meninges. Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation. Elements of the Physical Examination.
9 The Peripheral Nervous System. Division of the Peripheral Nervous System. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems, Parts and Role of Individual Parts of the Autonomic Nervous System. Elements of the Physical Examination
Exercises
1 The skeletal system: bones of the trunk, limbs, and skull. Classification and main structural components of individual bones. Elements of a physical examination. Demonstrations using a natural skeleton and anatomical phantoms. Videos and multimedia projects.
2 Bone connections: general structure and types of joints. Structure and function of selected joints (shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, hand, and foot joints).
3 The muscular system: topographic classification of muscles: muscles of the head and neck, trunk, and upper and lower limbs. Demonstrations using anatomical phantoms. Elements of a physical examination.
4 The cardiovascular, arterial, and venous systems. General structure and topography of the heart. Major arteries of the head and neck, trunk, and limbs. Pulse sites. Major venous trunks. Portal vein system. Superficial veins of the limbs. Intravenous injection sites.
5. The Lymphatic System: Major Lymph Trunks and Ducts. Groups of Lymph Nodes – Cervical, Axillary, Inguinal. Range of Lymphatic Drainage.
6. The Peripheral Nervous System. Spinal nerve structure, fiber types and fiber sources, division, dorsal and ventral branches, and their innervation. The Cervical Plexus, Brachial Plexus, Intercostal Nerves, Lumbar Plexus, Sacral Plexus, and the major branches of these plexuses, their innervation, and paralysis symptoms.